Sankhani ku: Zopangira ma gearbox amtundu wapawiri-clutch ndizonyowa ziwiri-clutch gearbox, chipolopolo chothandizira chimakhala ndi clutch ndi chipolopolo cha gearbox, zipolopolo ziwiri zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira yoponderezedwa kwambiri, popanga chitukuko ndi kupanga zidakumana ndi zovuta zowongolera bwino, zopanda malire oyenerera ndi pafupifupi 60% 95% pofika kumapeto kwa 20202020202020202020202020000000000000 wa x000000000ngwe wamilandu womaliza kufupikitsa kufupikitsa njira yofotokozera mwachidule zovuta zamtunduwu.
Kutumiza konyowa kwapawiri-clutch, komwe kumagwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano za cascade, makina oyendetsa ma electro-mechanical shift drive system ndi cholumikizira chatsopano cha electro-hydraulic clutch.Chopanda chipolopolocho chimapangidwa ndi aloyi ya aluminiyamu yothamanga kwambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi kulemera kopepuka komanso mphamvu zambiri.Pali pampu ya hydraulic, mafuta opaka mafuta, chitoliro chozizira komanso makina ozizira akunja mu bokosi la gear, zomwe zimayika patsogolo zofunikira pamakina onse komanso magwiridwe antchito a chipolopolo.Pepalali likufotokoza momwe mungathetsere zovuta zamtundu monga kupindika kwa zipolopolo, dzenje la mpweya wocheperako komanso kuchuluka kwa kutsika komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa opambana.
1,Njira yothetsera vuto la deformation
Chithunzi 1 (a) pansipa，Bokosi la giya limapangidwa ndi nyumba zokhala ndi zotayira zotayidwa komanso zowawalira.Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ADC12, ndipo makulidwe ake oyambira ndi pafupifupi 3.5mm.Chigoba cha gearbox chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1 (b).Kukula koyambira ndi 485mm (kutalika) × 370mm (m'lifupi) × 212mm (kutalika), voliyumu ndi 2481.5mm3, malo omwe akuyembekezeredwa ndi 134903mm2, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 6.7kg.Ndi mbali yopyapyala yokhala ndi mipanda yakuya.Poganizira zaukadaulo wopanga nkhungu, kudalirika kwa kuumba kwazinthu ndi kupanga, nkhunguyo imakonzedwa monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1 (c), chomwe chimapangidwa ndi magulu atatu a slider, nkhungu yosuntha (kumbali yakunja) ndi nkhungu yokhazikika (kulowera mkati), komanso kutsika kwamafuta komwe kumapangidwira kukhala 51%.
Kwenikweni, m'kati mwa mayeso oyambirira kufa kuponyera, anapeza kuti malo kukula kwa mankhwala opangidwa ndi kufa kuponyera kunali kosiyana kwambiri ndi zofunika kamangidwe (malo ena anali pa 30% kuchoka), koma kukula nkhungu anali oyenerera ndi mlingo shrinkage poyerekeza ndi kukula kwenikweni analinso mogwirizana ndi lamulo shrinkage.Pofuna kudziwa chomwe chayambitsa vutoli, 3D scanning ya chipolopolo chakuthupi ndi theoretical 3D idagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi kusanthula, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1 (d).Anapeza kuti m'munsi Maudindo m'dera akusowekapo anali olumala, ndi mapindikidwe kuchuluka anali 2.39mm m'dera B ndi 0.74mm m'dera C. Chifukwa mankhwala zachokera otukukira amphumphu mfundo opanda kanthu A, B, C kwa wotsatira processing udindo benchmark ndi kuyeza benchmark, mapindikidwe izi kumabweretsa mu muyeso, malo ena B, kuwonetseratu kwa C.
Kusanthula zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli:
①Mkulu kuthamanga kuponyera kufa kapangidwe mfundo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu pambuyo demoulding, kupereka mawonekedwe kwa mankhwala pa chitsanzo zamphamvu, zomwe zimafuna zotsatira pa chitsanzo champhamvu phukusi mphamvu ndi wamkulu kuposa mphamvu kuchita pa thumba lokhazikika nkhungu zolimba, chifukwa cha kuya pabowo mankhwala apadera pa nthawi yomweyo, zakuya m'kati mwa mitima pa nkhungu yokhazikika ndi kunja patsekeke anapanga pamwamba pa kusuntha kwa nkhungu kuvutika maganizo;
②Pali zotsetsereka kumanzere, m'munsi ndi kumanja kwa nkhungu, zomwe zimathandizira pakumanga zisanapangidwe.Mphamvu yocheperako yothandizira imakhala kumtunda kwa B, ndipo chizolowezi chokhazikika ndikukhazikika m'bowo pakutha kwa kutentha.Zifukwa zazikulu ziwiri zomwe zili pamwambazi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusintha kwakukulu pa B, kutsatiridwa ndi C.
Chiwembu chowongolera kuti athetse vutoli ndikuwonjezera njira yolumikizira kufa yokhazikika Chithunzi 1 (e) pamtunda wokhazikika.Pa B chinawonjezeka 6 seti nkhungu plunger, kuwonjezera awiri zokhazikika nkhungu plunger mu C, atakhazikika pini ndodo ndi kudalira bwererani pachimake, pamene kusuntha nkhungu clamping ndege anapereka Bwezerani ndodo akanikizire mu nkhungu, nkhungu basi kufa kuthamanga kutha, kumbuyo kwa mbale kasupe ndiyeno kukankhira pamwamba pachimake, kutengapo kanthu kuti azindikire kulimbikitsa nkhungu kuchokera deformation kuti deformation zituluke.
Pambuyo pa kusinthidwa kwa nkhungu, deformation yowonongeka imachepetsedwa bwino.Monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu FIG.1 (f), zowonongeka pa B ndi C zimayendetsedwa bwino.Mfundo B ndi + 0.22mm ndi mfundo C ndi +0.12, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za mzere wopanda kanthu wa 0.7mm ndikukwaniritsa kupanga kwakukulu.
2, Kuthana ndi dzenje la chipolopolo ndi kutayikira
Monga amadziwika kwa onse, kuponyera kuthamanga kwambiri ndi njira yopangira momwe zitsulo zamadzimadzi zimadzadzidwa mwamsanga muzitsulo zachitsulo pogwiritsira ntchito kupanikizika kwina ndikulimbitsa mofulumira pansi pa kukakamizidwa kuti apeze kuponyera.Komabe, kutengera mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kazinthu ndi njira yoponyera kufa, pali malo ena olumikizirana otentha kapena mabowo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha mpweya muzogulitsa, zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha:
(1) Kuponyera kwamphamvu kumagwiritsa ntchito kuthamanga kwambiri kukanikizira zitsulo zamadzimadzi mu nkhungu mwachangu kwambiri.Mpweya womwe uli mu chipinda choponderezedwa kapena nkhungu sungathe kutulutsidwa.Mipweya imeneyi imakhudzidwa ndi zitsulo zamadzimadzi ndipo pamapeto pake zimakhalapo poponyedwa ngati pores.
(2) Kusungunuka kwa gasi mu aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ndi aloyi yolimba ya aluminium ndi yosiyana.Mu njira yolimba, mpweya umakhala wochuluka kwambiri.
（3）Chitsulo chamadzimadzi chimalimba kwambiri pabowo, ndipo ngati palibe kudyetsa kothandiza, mbali zina za kuponyera zimatulutsa shrinkage cavity kapena shrinkage porosity.
Tengani mankhwala a DPT omwe alowa motsatizana ndi chitsanzo cha tooling ndi siteji yaing'ono yopanga mtanda monga chitsanzo (onani Chithunzi 2) : The chilema mlingo wa bowo koyamba mpweya shrinkage wa mankhwala anawerengedwa, ndipo apamwamba anali 12.17%, amene mpweya shrinkage dzenje lalikulu kuposa 3.5mm ankawerengera 15.71 15.71 15.71 ndi 15.71 % air shrinkage. ndi 42.93 %.Mabowo opukutira mpweyawa anali okhazikika m'mabowo ena okhala ndi ulusi komanso malo omata.Zowonongeka izi zidzakhudza mphamvu yolumikizira bawuti, kulimba kwapamtunda ndi zofunikira zina zogwirira ntchito.
Pofuna kuthetsa mavutowa, njira zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
2.1Spot COOLING SYSTEM
Zoyenera pazigawo zakuya zakuya komanso zigawo zazikulu zapakati.Kupanga gawo la nyumbazi kumakhala ndi zibowo zakuya zochepa kapena gawo lakuya la kukoka pachimake, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo zoumba zochepa zimakulungidwa ndi aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ambiri, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kuyambitsa kutenthedwa kwa nkhungu, zomwe zimapangitsa kupsinjika kwa nkhungu yomata, ming'alu yotentha ndi zolakwika zina.Choncho, m`pofunika kukakamiza kuziziritsa madzi ozizira pa chiphaso cha chakuya nkhungu patsekeke.Chigawo chamkati chapakati ndi m'mimba mwake kuposa 4mm chimakhazikika ndi 1.0-1.5mpa madzi othamanga kwambiri, kuti atsimikizire kuti madzi ozizira ndi ozizira komanso otentha, ndipo minyewa yozungulira pachimakeyo imatha kulimbitsa kaye ndikupanga wosanjikiza wandiweyani, kuti achepetse kutsika komanso chizolowezi cha porosity.
Monga momwe chithunzi 3, pamodzi ndi ziwerengero kusanthula deta kayeseleledwe ndi zinthu zenizeni, yomaliza mfundo kuzirala masanjidwe wokometsedwa, ndi mkulu-anzanu mfundo kuzirala monga momwe chithunzi 3 (d) anaikidwa pa nkhungu, amene bwino ankalamulira mankhwala kutentha m'dera otentha olowa, anazindikira motsatizana kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, mogwira kuchepetsa m'badwo wa zipsepse, ndi kuonetsetsa mlingo.
2.2Extrusion wamba
Ngati makulidwe a khoma la kapangidwe kazinthuzo ndi kosagwirizana kapena pali mfundo zazikulu zotentha m'malo ena, mabowo ocheperako amatha kuwoneka m'gawo lolimba lomaliza, monga momwe zasonyezedwera mu FIG.4 (C) pansipa.Mabowo ang'onoang'ono muzinthuzi sangalephereke ndi njira yoponyera kufa ndikuwonjezera njira yozizira.Panthawi imeneyi, extrusion m'deralo angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthetsa vutoli.Tsankho kuthamanga dongosolo chithunzi monga momwe chithunzi 4 (a), ndicho anaika mwachindunji mu nkhungu yamphamvu, pambuyo chitsulo chosungunula kudzazidwa mu nkhungu ndi olimba pamaso, osati kwathunthu mu theka-olimba zitsulo madzi pabowo, potsiriza solidification wandiweyani khoma ndi extrusion ndodo kuthamanga anakakamizika kudyetsa kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa shrinkage kuponyedwa pabowo zofooka, kuti apeze zofooka mkulu wa kufa patsekeke.
2.3Extrusion yachiwiri
Gawo lachiwiri la extrusion ndi kukhazikitsa silinda iwiri sitiroko.Sitiroko yoyamba imamaliza kuumba kwapang'onopang'ono kwa dzenje loyamba loponyera, ndipo pamene aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi kuzungulira pachimake imakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, gawo lachiwiri la extrusion limayamba, ndipo zotsatira zapawiri za kuponyera ndi kutulutsa zimakwaniritsidwa.Tengani nyumba yama gearbox mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka koyenerera kwa mayeso olimba a gasi anyumba ya gearbox pagawo loyambirira la polojekitiyi ndi osakwana 70%.Kagawidwe ka kutayikira mbali makamaka mphambano ya mafuta ndime 1# ndi mafuta ndime 4# (bwalo wofiira pa Chithunzi 5) monga pansipa.
2.4KUponya RUNNER SYSTEM
The kuponyera dongosolo zitsulo kufa kuponyera nkhungu ndi ngalande amene amadzaza patsekeke ya kufa kuponyera chitsanzo ndi chitsulo chosungunula madzi mu chipinda chosindikizira cha kufa kuponyera makina pansi pa chikhalidwe cha kutentha, kuthamanga kwambiri ndi liwiro.Zimaphatikizapo wothamanga wowongoka, wothamanga pamtanda, wothamanga wamkati ndi makina otulutsa mpweya.Iwo amawongoleredwa mu ndondomeko ya madzi zitsulo kudzaza patsekeke, otaya boma, liwiro ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi kutengerapo zitsulo, zotsatira za utsi ndi kufa nkhungu amasewera zofunika kwambiri mbali monga matenthedwe chikhalidwe cha ulamuliro ndi malamulo, Choncho, dongosolo gating anaganiza kufa kuponyera pamwamba khalidwe komanso chinthu chofunika cha mkati microstructure boma.Kukonzekera ndi kutsirizitsa kwa dongosolo lothira kuyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa kuphatikiza kwa chiphunzitso ndi machitidwe.
2.5ProsiOkukwanilitsa
Die kuponyera ndondomeko ndi otentha processing ndondomeko amene amaphatikiza ndi ntchito kufa kuponyera makina, kufa kuponyera kufa ndi madzi zitsulo malinga ndi chisanadze anasankha ndondomeko ndondomeko ndi magawo ndondomeko, ndi amalandira kufa kuponyera mothandizidwa ndi mphamvu pagalimoto.Zimatengera mitundu yonse ya zinthu, monga kuthamanga (kuphatikiza mphamvu ya jekeseni, kukakamiza kwa jekeseni, mphamvu yowonjezera, mphamvu yotseka nkhungu), liwiro la jekeseni (kuphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa nkhonya, kuthamanga kwapakati pa chipata, etc.), Kuthamanga kwamadzi, etc.), kutentha kosiyanasiyana (kusungunuka kutentha kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi, kutentha kwakufa, kutentha kwa nkhungu, etc. mlingo, kutentha gradient, etc.), kuponyera katundu ndi matenthedwe katundu wa zitsulo zamadzimadzi, etc. Izi zimatenga gawo lotsogolera mu kufa kuponyera kuthamanga, kudzaza liwiro, kudzaza makhalidwe ndi matenthedwe katundu nkhungu.
2.6Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano
Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kutayikira kwa magawo otayirira mkati mwa zigawo zina za chipolopolo cha gearbox, yankho la aluminiyamu yozizira idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita upainiya pambuyo potsimikiziridwa ndi mbali zonse zoperekera komanso zofunikira.Ndiko kuti, chipika cha aluminiyamu chimayikidwa mkati mwa mankhwalawa musanadzaze, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 9. Pambuyo podzaza ndi kulimbitsa, choyika ichi chimakhalabe mkati mwa gawoli kuti athetse vuto la shrinkage ndi porosity.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-08-2022